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The Oregon Experiment (Center for Environmental Structure Series)
PDF Ebook The Oregon Experiment (Center for Environmental Structure Series)
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After a ten-year silence, Christopher Alexander and his colleagues at the Center for Environmental Structure are not publishing a major statement in the form of three works which will, in their words, "lay the basis for an entirely new approach to architecture, building, and planning, which will, we hope, replace existing ideas and practices entirely." The three books are The Timeless Way of Building, A Pattern Language, and The Oregon Experiment. At the core of these books is the idea that people should design for themselves their own houses, streets, and communities. This idea may be radical (it implies a radical transformation fo the architectural profession) but it comes simply from the observation that most of the wonderful places of the world were not made by architects but by the people. This book is the master plan for the University of Oregon, and is now being implemented at that university; but it shows at the same time how any community the size of a university or small town might go about designing its own future environment-with all members of the community participating personally. It is a concrete example at the Center's theories in practice, showing in simple detail, with numerous illustrations, how to implement six guiding principles: organic order, participation, piecemeal growth, patterns, diagnosis, and coordination.
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Product details
Series: Center for Environmental Structure Series (Book 3)
Hardcover: 202 pages
Publisher: Oxford University Press; 1 edition (December 11, 1975)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0195018249
ISBN-13: 978-0195018240
Product Dimensions:
8 x 0.6 x 5.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 11.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.9 out of 5 stars
7 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#401,867 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
not as interesting as the pattern book
excellent
The Oregon Experiment is one of a series of influential volumes on architecture and social design published by Christopher Alexander and his colleagues in the 1970s. While the most well-known volume in the series, A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, and Construction, develops general principles for the design of social spaces at all scales, The Oregon Experiment applies those principles to a specific case: the campus of the University of Oregon.If you are looking for an example of a specific campus plan, however, you will not find it here. Central to Alexander's approach is the notion that communities should not create fixed master plans, but rather should develop a common pattern language, and then apply it organically, in a piecemeal fashion, as needs arise. The book talks as much about this process of planning as it does about individual construction projects. Whenever a need arises (expansion of a building, addition of a door, creation of a green) people consult their pattern language and build something to suit the space and satisfy the need. Because everyone follows the agreed-upon language, the new parts harmonize with those that already exist (or replace earlier, poorly-designed structures).If you have enjoyed studying Alexander's patterns in A Pattern Language, you will find here a collection of new ones that are specific to a university setting, including "University Population," "University Shape and Diameter," "Departments of 400," "Local Administration," "Classroom Distribution," and about a dozen more. Although he clearly draws on ideas from British universities in many cases, he unaccountably does not include one of the fundamental features of the British model, namely the residential college of 500 (or so) within the larger institution. (Although he does include aspects of this pattern under the heading "Small Student Unions.") As always, Alexander's pattern descriptions are clear, blunt, and thought-provoking.The question that most readers will want to have answered is, "Does all this really work?" When the volume was written, of course, the process was just getting under way, and so we cannot know from this book alone whether everything described was successful or has been sustained over the long term. From what I've seen of campus master planning in public universities, it often turns out in the end to have less to do with creating good educational environments than it does with kowtowing to the local chamber of commerce and lining the pockets of already-rich trustees. But just because something is difficult doesn't mean it shouldn't be made the goal. If Alexander or someone at the University of Oregon were to produce a sequel, "The Oregon Experiment 25 Years On," I'm sure it would meet with a warm reception.
The good news is that this book is a short summary of what most peoplewill find important when they apply patterns either in the field of architectureor in their own field of design. It provides insight into Alexander's theoryof economics--a stance which caused him to be unfavorably labeled as asocialist when these ideas were taking form.Patterns, in this book, are almost a footnote to the broader ideas ofdesign, of economics, and of socially coordinated construction thatform the core of Alexander's exposition here. The economics form acompelling argument for a process of piecemeal growth. Alexander givespractical advice on how to administer the social process, including thecreation of a community pattern board that oversees the introduction ofnew patterns into the community language, and the retirement of oldones. By putting the pattern mantra aside, this book helps the readerget beyond the point where they are looking for patterns in their own rightto provide the answer to every design question, and pushes the readerto think at the level of the foundations.The bad news is that the book takes the reader into a couple of miscues.Alexander would later bitterly recant the role this book accords to thearchitect. Architects should be master builders rather than the font ofdesign ideas. The architecture role emerged in the Oregon Experimentto lend the project an air of conventionality and credibility, a compromisethat kept the project from achieving its goals.Current tidbits of retrospective literature try to make sense of the experiment;some claim it succeeded (in spite of those aspects Alexander felt werewrong-headed) and some claim it failed. Grabow's biography ofAlexander (Christopher Alexander: The Search for a New Paradigm inArchitecture) features some choice words about the miscues in thisexperiment. Taken with the retrospective Grabow brings us, this bookprovides a perspective on patterns that is completely absent from theother books in this series. Some of these, such as the foundations ineconomics, are there for the picking. To reap some of the other insightsrequires study that goes beyond casual reading, but such study isappropriate to the depth of insight it will afford, and you owe it toyourself to explore it. These insights are crucial for making patternswork in a practical way in a social setting.If you want to learn about patterns, and you want to start with anAlexandrian book, I think this is the one you start with. Get the bigpicture first, in the context of the underlying principles, and comeback for the pattern details later in A Pattern Language, and for theartist's artistic exposition of his art in The Timeless Way of Building.
As a software designer and as somebody who lives and works in buildings in cities, I find the ideas in some of Alexander's other books on architecture and design - The Timeless Way of Building and A Pattern Language - very interesting and appealing. They are a brave attempt to point to a more human, community-oriented way of doing things.I had high hopes that The Oregon Experiment would describe a concrete example of whether these ideas worked when they were put into practice. It does nothing of the kind. It describes an interesting thought experiment in participatory design and tries to present this as a vindication of the Pattern Language concepts. But nowhere does it even mention whether the design it describes was ever actually implemented, much less whether it worked from the inhabitants' point of view.It is very easy for a design team to get carried away with what a great design they have on paper. I've done it loads of times. That enthusiasm tells us nothing about whether a design is actually going to be a success.I know Alexander later moved from academia and started trying to put his ideas into practice on actual building projects. A book on his real experiences and how well the original ideas stood up to the cold light of reality would be fascinating and important. The Oregon Experiment isn't that book.
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